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Race and Ethnicity Terminology - Our Approach

Introduction

The language used to describe race and ethnicity continues to change, and there is no single set of terms that is universally accepted. The terminology people use to describe themselves may vary depending on individual preference, cultural context and changes in society over time.

The Inner Temple is committed to using respectful, accurate and inclusive language. As a general principle, we will use the terminology that individuals and communities prefer when referring to themselves wherever this is known. Where it is not known, we aim to use terminology that reflects current UK good practice and official guidance.

Wherever possible, we will refer to specific ethnic groups rather than broad collective terms. For example, where relevant it is preferable to refer to Black Caribbean, Black African, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese, Gypsy, Roma or Irish Traveller rather than using broader umbrella terms.

 

Race and Ethnicity

Although the terms are often used interchangeably, race and ethnicity are distinct concepts.

Race generally refers to social groupings based on shared physical or perceived characteristics, while ethnicity relates more broadly to shared cultural characteristics such as heritage, ancestry, nationality, language, traditions or history.

The Equality Act 2010 protects individuals from discrimination on the grounds of race, which includes colour, nationality and ethnic or national origins.

 

Collective terminology

Where reference to a collective group is necessary, the term ethnic minority is generally preferred. This reflects current UK Government style guidance and is widely used across the legal profession and the public sector. While no collective term is without limitations, “ethnic minority” is generally considered clearer and more inclusive than alternatives such as BAME or BME. It also recognises that people from many different ethnic backgrounds have distinct identities and experiences that should not be overlooked.

However, collective terms should only be used where they are genuinely necessary. Wherever possible, it is preferable to identify the specific ethnic group or groups being referred to.

 

BAME and BME

The terms Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) and Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) are no longer used by the UK Government and are generally discouraged across the legal profession. These terms have been criticised because they:

  • group together people from very different ethnic backgrounds;
  • can obscure important differences in experiences and outcomes;
  • may not reflect how individuals identify themselves;
  • can imply that all ethnic minority groups share similar experiences.

Where specific information is available, it is preferable to refer to the relevant ethnic group or groups.

 

Using Specific Ethnic Groups

Using specific ethnic groups provides greater accuracy and helps ensure that the experiences of different communities are recognised appropriately. For example:

  • Instead of “BAME barristers”, use “Black barristers”, “Asian barristers”, or the specific ethnic groups concerned where known.
  • Instead of “BAME applicants”, use “applicants from ethnic minority backgrounds” if referring collectively, or identify the individual ethnic groups represented where this is relevant.
  • When reporting diversity data, use the ethnic categories collected through monitoring wherever possible rather than combining groups unnecessarily.

There will be occasions where a collective term is appropriate, for example when discussing overall patterns affecting ethnic minority communities or when reporting data that has already been aggregated. Even in these cases, consideration should be given to whether greater specificity would improve clarity or understanding.

 

Individual Preference

People should be described using the terminology that they themselves use wherever this is known. Individuals may have different preferences regarding how they describe their race or ethnicity, and these preferences should be respected. Where appropriate, ask rather than assume.

 

White Ethnic Minority Groups

It is important to recognise that some ethnic minority groups identify as White, including, for example, Gypsy, Roma and Irish Traveller communities. The term “ethnic minority” therefore refers to ethnicity rather than skin colour and should not be understood as synonymous with “Black” or “people of colour”.

 

Reviewing Terminology

Language and community preferences continue to change. Terminology that is considered appropriate today may change over time.

The Inner Temple will therefore keep this guidance under periodic review, taking account of developments in legislation, Government guidance, Bar Council and legal sector guidance, and evolving community preferences.

This guidance is intended to support respectful and accurate communication rather than prescribe terminology in every circumstance. Context, audience and individual preference should always be considered when deciding which language is most appropriate.

 

Equality, Diversity and Inclusivity Sub-Committee
June 2026